There are two types of flight training schools. One is normally referred to as a certificated "Part 141 school" and the other as a "Part 61 school. The word "Part" refers to a part of the Federal Aviation Regulations.
Brazos Valley Flight Services is certified to train under both sets of regulations.
Part 61 is a set of regulations governing flight training. Basically, it spells out what you need to know, what flying skills you must develop, and a minimum number of training and solo flight hours. Any certified flight instructor can teach under Part 61, doing what he or she feels is appropriate in your training as long as the training minimums are met. Most schools operate under Part 61 and do not meet the requirements of Part 141.
Part 141 was established to actually certify "flight
schools" - to develop and establish standardized training methods and
standards. To quote the FAA, "Enrollment in a certificated school [a Part
141 school] usually ensures higher quality and continuity of training."
These schools meet prescribed standards with respect to equipment, facilities,
personnel, and curricula and are reviewed on a regular basis by the FAA to
ensure quality training.
The predominant differences between the two are structure and accountability.
Part 141 schools are periodically audited by the FAA and must have detailed,
FAA-approved course outlines and meet student pilot performance rates. Part 61
schools don't have the same paperwork and accountability requirements.